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Top Diplomat Is no Fan of Sanctions”. Associated Press, December 15, 2016. https://apnews. com/ba5a55b4956846b5af90962c290679ac/trumps-choice-top-diplomat-no-fan-sanctions.

Kolbe, Paul. “With Hacking, the United States Needs to Stop Playing the Victim”. New York Times, December 23, 2020. https://www. nytimes. com/2020/12/23/opinion/russia-united-states-hack. html.

Kramer, Andrew. “Exxon Reaches Arctic Oil Deal with Russians”. New York Times, August 31, 2011. https://www. nytimes. com/2011/08/31/business/global/exxon-and-rosneft-partner-in-russian-oil-deal. html.

Krauss, Clifford. “Exxon Mobil Seeks U. S. Sanctions Waiver for Oil Project in Russia”. New York Times, April 19, 2017. https://www. nytimes. com/2017/04/19/business/energy-environment/exxon-mobil-russia-sanctions-waiver-oil. html.

Krauss, Clifford. “ ‘It’s the Only Way to Get Paid’: A Struggle for Citgo, Venezuela’s U. S. Oil Company”. New York Times, October 17, 2019. https://www. nytimes. com/2019/10/17/business/energy-environment/citgo-venezuela-creditors. html.

Krauss, Clifford. “White House Raises Pressure on Venezuela with New Financial Sanctions”. New York Times, August 25, 2017. https://www. nytimes. com/2017/08/25/world/americas/venezuela-sanctions-maduro-trump. html.

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Kubota, Yoko. “China Sets Up New $29 Billion Semiconductor Fund”. Wall Street Journal, October 25, 2019. https://www. wsj. com/articles/china-sets-up-new‐29-billion-semiconductor-fund‐11572034480.

Kulikov, Dmitry, and Natalia Porokhova. “US Residents Hold 8 Percent of Russian Sovereign Debt”. Analytical Credit Rating Agency. August 17, 2018. https://www. acra-ratings. com/research/868.

Kumar Sen, Ashish. “Trump Administration Targets Russian Oligarchs”. Atlantic Council. April 6, 2018. https://www. atlanticcouncil. org/blogs/new-atlanticist/trump-administration-targets-russian-oligarchs.

Kynge, James. “Huawei Records Biggest Jump in Patent Ownership in 2020”. Financial Times, March 17, 2021. https://www. ft. com/content/614c6149–2f6e‐482f-b64a‐97aa2496ac7f.

Kynge, James, and Mercedes Ruehl. “China Snaps Up Chip Talent from US Firms”. Financial Times, November 25, 2020. https://www. ft. com/content/9f5e4e53–7f7c‐4206-a929–9a0d5baa9bf5.

Kynge, James, and Nian Liu. “From AI to Facial Recognition: How China Is Setting the Rules in New Tech”. Financial Times, October 7, 2020. https://www. ft. com/content/188d86df‐6e82–47eb-a134–2e1e45c777b6.

Kynge, James, and Sun Yu. “Virtual Control: The Agenda Behind China’s New Digital Currency”. Financial Times, February 17, 2021. https://www. ft. com/content/7511809e‐827e‐4526–81ad-ae83f405f623.

Latham Watkins. “Top 10 Things to Know About Expanded US Sanctions on Iran”. November 6, 2018. https://www. lw. com/thoughtLeadership/lw-top‐10-things-to-know-expanded-us-sanctions-iran.

Lederer, Edith. “Russia, China Block UN from Saying North Korea Violated Sanctions”. Associated Press, June 19, 2019. https://apnews. com/article/cb6be1337d2a48ecbde14dac590be083.

Lee, Jeong-Ho, and Sohee Kim. “Biden Finds a Key Ally Wary of His Bid to Outpace China on Chips”. Bloomberg, March 25, 2021. https://www. bloomberg. com/news/articles/2021–03–25/south-korea-s-chip-industry-is-trapped-between-the-u-s-and-china.

Leng, Cheng, Zhang Yan, and Ryan Woo. “Chinese Banks Urged to Switch Away from SWIFT as U. S. Sanctions Loom”. Reuters, July 29, 2020. https://www. reuters. com/article/us-china-banks-usa-sanctions/chinese-banks-urged-to-switch-away-from-swift-as-u-s-sanctions-loom-idUSKCN24U0SN.

Leng, Sidney. “US Semiconductor Giant Shuts China Factory Hailed as ‘a Miracle,’ in Blow to Beijing’s Chip Plans”. South China Morning Post, May 20, 2020. https://www. scmp. com/economy/china-economy/article/3085230/us-semiconductor-giant-shuts-china-factory-hailed-miracle.

Leng, Sidney, and Orange Wang. “China’s Semiconductor Drive Stalls in Wuhan, Exposing Gap in Hi-Tech Production Capabilities”. South China Morning Post, August 28, 2020. https://www. scmp. com/economy/china-economy/article/3099100/chinas-semiconductor-drive-stalls-wuhan-exposing-gap-hi-tech.

Levitt, Matthew. “Hezbollah: A Case Study of Global Reach, Remarks to a Conference on Post-Modern Terrorism: Trends, Scenarios, and Future Threats”. American Civil Liberties Union. September 8, 2003. https://www. aclu. org/sites/default/files/field_document/ACLURM001616. pdf.

Lewis, James. “Semiconductors and Modern Defense Spending”. Center for Strategic and International Studies. September 8, 2020. https://www. csis. org/analysis/semiconductors-and-modern-defense-spending.

Lewis, James. “Tech Crisis with China”. Center for Strategic International Studies. August 7, 2020. https://www. csis. org/analysis/tech-crisis-china.

Lewis, Paul. “A Soviet Project Tempts Europe”. New York Times, May 30, 1982. https://timesmachine. nytimes. com/timesmachine/1982/05/30/173299. html?pageNumber=156.

LexisNexis. “Sanctions Compliance for Banks in the Age of Crypto-assets”. June 5, 2020. https://blogs. lexisnexis. com/financial-crime-in-focus/sanctions-compliance-for-banks-in-the-age-of-crypto-assets.

Li, Lauly, Cheng Ting-Fang, and Yifan Yu. “How a Handful of US Companies Can Cripple Huawei’s Supply Chain”. Nikkei Asia, August 19, 2020. https://asia. nikkei. com/Spotlight/Huawei-crackdown/How-a-handful-of-US‐companies-can-cripple-Huawei-s-supply-chain.

Liik, Kadri. “Into the Jungle”. Berlin Policy Journal (January/February 2019). https://berlinpolicy journal. com/into-the-jungle.

Lim, Darren. “Chinese Economic Coercion During the THAAD Dispute”. The Asan Forum. December 28, 2019. www. theasanforum. org/chinese-economic-coercion-during-the-thaad-dispute.

Lohmann, Sascha. “Extraterritorial U. S. Sanctions, Only Domestic Courts Could Effectively Curb the Enforcement of U. S. Law Abroad”. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. February 2019. https://www. swp-berlin. org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2019C05_lom. pdf.

Lynch, David. “China Hints It Will Choke Off U. S. ‘Rare Earths’ Access. But It’s Not That Easy”. Washington Post, June 10, 2019. https://www. washingtonpost. com/business/economy/2019/06/07/80a06794–8649–11e9-a491–25df61c78dc4_story. html.

Macdonald, Alastair. “U. S. Envoy Warns Sanctions Still an Option Against Nord Stream 2”. Reuters, November 13, 2018. https://www. reuters. com/article/us-eu-gazprom-nordstream-usa-idUSKCN1NI1FY.

Magnier, Mark. “In the Crosshairs: Chinese Drones a Target for US Ban as Security Risk”. South China Morning Post, December 10, 2019. https://www. scmp. com/news/china/article/3041073/crosshairs-chinese-drones-target-us-ban-security-risk.

Malik, Nazia. “Economic Sanctions Imposed on Pakistan and Their Impact (1979–2001)”. Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University Singapore. Accessed May 20, 2020. http://www. ipedr. com/vol39/028-ICITE2012-K00006. pdf.

Maritime Executive. “Sanctions on UC Rusal Hit Shipping”. April 20, 2018. https://www. maritime-executive. com/article/sanctions-on-uc-rusal-hit-shipping.

Marquardt, Paul, and Sameer Jaywant. “OFAC Reporting Still Required for Transactions with EN+, Rusal, and EuroSibEnergo”. Cleary Gottlieb. January 31, 2019. https://www. clearytradewatch. com/2019/01/ofac-reporting-still-required-transactions-en-rusal-eurosibenergo.

Marson, James. “Russian Natural-Gas Project Gets Funding from China”. Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2016. https://www. wsj. com/articles/russian-natural-gas-project-gets-funding-from-china‐1461934776.

Martin, Lisa. Coercive Cooperation, Explaining Multilateral Sanctions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.

McDonald, Joe. “Huawei: Smartphone Chips Running Out Under US Sanctions”. Associated Press, August 8, 2020. https://apnews. com/article/smartphones-technology-business-ap-top-news-china‐270e93e985733a4d086c06a01375cea0.

McElroy, Damien. “Hassan Rouhani Vows to Lift Sanctions on Iran”. Telegraph, August 3, 2013. https://www. telegraph. co. uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10220564/Hassan-Rouhani-vows-to-lift-sanctions-on-Iran. html.

McKinney, Byron. “COSCO Shipping OFAC Sanctions — The Nightmare in the Haystack”. IHS Markit. October 8, 2019. https://ihsmarkit. com/research-analysis/cosco-shipping-ofac-sanctions. html.

McKinsey Company. “Semiconductor Design and Manufacturing: Achieving Leading-Edge Capabilities”. August 20, 2020. https://www. mckinsey. com/industries/advanced-electronics/our-insights/semiconductor-design-and-manufacturing-achieving-leading-edge-capabilities.

Meredith, Sam, and Natasha Turak. “Putin Ally Oleg Deripaska Denies Kremlin Encouraged His Lawsuit Against US Treasury Sanctions”. CNBC, March 18, 2019. https://www. cnbc. com/2019/03/18/putin-ally-deripaska-explains-why-hes-suing-us-treasury-department. html.

Michael, Maggie. “Doctors and Nurses Suffered as Iran Ignored Virus Concerns”. Associated Press, May 12, 2020. https://apnews. com/6c7715f300797502329f6117e1141503.

Middlekauff, Robert. Benjamin Franklin and His Enemies. Oakland: University of California Press, 1998.

Miller, Chris. “America Is Going to Decapitate Huawei”. New York Times, September 15, 2020. https://www. nytimes. com/2020/09/15/opinion/united-states-huawei. html.

Miller, Greg. “Sanctions Are Cleaving the Global Shipping Fleet in Two”. American Shipper. September 30, 2019. https://www. freightwaves. com/news/sanctions-are-cleaving-the-global-shipping-fleet-in-two.

Moehr, Ole. “A Breakdown of the Sanctions Deal Between the United States and Oleg Deripaska”. Atlantic Council. February 6, 2019. https://www. atlanticcouncil. org/blogs/econographics/us-sanctions-lifted-coles‐2.

Moehr, Ole. “US Sanctions’ Global Impact — A Case Study of RUSAL’s Supply

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