Сравнительный анализ политических систем - Чарльз Эндрейн

166

Karl Marx, Political Writings, vol. 1: The Revolutions of 1848, ed. David Fembach (New York: Vintage Books, 1974), 315–16. См. также: Karl Marx, Political Writings, vol. 2: Surveys from Exile, ed. David Fembach (New York: Vintage Books,1974), 176; Karl Marx, Political Writings, vol. 3: The First International and After, ed. David Fernbach (New York: Vintage Books, 1974), 280–81.

167

Marx, The First International, 81, 91–92, 145, 250, 270, 333–35, 355, 373–75; Marx, Revolutions of 1848, 86–87, 325–26; Marx, Surveys from Exile, 243–44; Karl Marx, Early Writings, trans. Rodney Livingstone and Gregor Benton (New York: Vintage Books, 1975), 257; Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, The German Ideology, ed. C. J. Arthur (New York: International Publishers, 1970), 117–18; Daniel R. Sabia, Jr., «Rationality, Collective Action, and Karl Marx», American Journal of Political Science 32 (February 1988): 50–71; Farshad A. Araghi, «The Cpncept of Development: Smith and Marx Revisited», Sociological Spectrum 8 (October–December 1988): 371–89; J. С Glass and W. Johnson, «Metaphysics, MSRP and Economics», British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 39 (September 1988): 313–29; Klaus von Beyme, «Karl Marx and Party Theory», Government and Opposition 20 (Winter 1985): 70–87; John Ehrenberg, «Karl Marx and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat», in Research in Political Economy, vol. 12, ed. Paul Zarembka (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1990), 187–208; Frederic L. Pryor, «Some Economics of Utopia: The Case of Full Communism», Survey29 (Summer 1985): 70–101.

168

V. I. Lenin, What Is to Be Done?(Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1973), 37, 98, ; 136–38, 154, 199–202; V. I. Lenin, V. I Lenin: Selected Works (New York: InternationalPublishers, 1971), 281–98, 323–36, 374–79, 417, 465–88, 501–46, 572–73, 624–26, 660; Pierre Bimbaum, «Universal Suffrage, the Vanguard Party and Mobilization in Marxism», Government and Opposition 20 (Winter 1985): 53–69.

169

Alex Inkeles and David H. Smith, Becoming Modern: Individual Change in Six Developing Countries (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974), esp. 251–351.

170

AM Banuazizi, «Social–Psychological Approaches to Political Development», in Understanding Political Development, ed. Myron Weiner and Samuel P. Huntington (Boston: Little, Brown, 1987), 281–316; Charles F. Andrain, Political Change in the Third World (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1988), 252–79; Richard Falk, «Religion and Politics: Verging on the Postmodern», Alternatives 18 (July 1988): 379–94.

171

David E. Apter, Rethinking Development: Modernization, Dependency, and Postmodern Politics (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1987), 12–25; Leonard Binder, Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), 24–37; Jan Nederveen Pieterse, «Dilemmas of Development Discourse: The Crisis of Developmentalism and the Comparative Method», Development and Change 22 (January 1991): 5–29; Kate Manzo, «Modernist Discourse and the Crisis of Development Theory», Studies in Comparative International Development 26 (Summer 1991): 3–36; Edward A. Tiryakian, «Modernisation: Exhumetur in Pace (Rethinking Macrosociology in the 1990s)», International Sociology 6 (June 1991): 165–80; Diane Ethier, «Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, Latin America and Southeast Asia: Comparative Perspectives», Journal of Developing Societies! (July–October 1991): 195–217; Karen L. Remmer, «New Wine or Old Bottlenecks? The Study of Latin American Democracy», Comparative Politics 23 (July 1991 ): 479–95.

172

Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968).

173

Samuel P. Huntington, «Conservatism as an Ideology», American Political Science Review 51 (June 1957): 460–61.

174

Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991); Held, Models of Democracy 143–64.

175

См. след. сочинения Сэмюеля Хантингтона: Samuel P. Huntington: Political Order in Changing Societies, esp. 1–92, 142–44, 192–98, 262–63, 344, 401; The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil–Military Relations (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957); American Military Strategy (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1986); «Transnational Organizations in World Politics», World Politics 25 (April 1973): 334–68; «The U.S. — Decline or Renewal?» Foreign Affairs 67 (Winter 1988/89): 76–96; «The Goals of Development», in Understanding Political Development, ed, Weiner and Huntington, 3—32. В «Целях развития» (с. 19) Хантингтон подчеркивает: «В целом политологическая литература имеет тенденцию во временном аспекте ставить порядок раньше демократии. В «Солдате и государстве», на с. 465, мы находим противопоставление «показного индивидуализма», «утомительной монотонности и невообразимого разнообразия и беспорядочного меркантилизма маленьких городков» в Хайленд Фолз «упорядоченной безмятежности», «структурированной целесообразности» военной академии США в Вест–Пойнте. Критику институционалистской теории развития см. в: David E. Apter, Political Change: Collected Essays (London: Frank Cass, 1973), 167, 195–96, 198, 208; Cal Clark and Jonathan Lemco, «The Strong State and Development: A Growing List of Caveats», Journal of Developing Societies 4 (January–April 1988): 1—8. Столь же безрадостную оценку перспектив демократии в развивающихся странах см. в: Robert A. Scalapino, «Modernization and Revolution in Asia», Problems oj Communism 41 (January–April 1992): с 181: «традициям и стадии развития многих возникающих государств более подходит авторитарный плюрализм, чем парламентская демократия».

176

Cristobal Kay, «Reflections on the Latin American Contribution to Development Theory», Development and Change 22 (January 1991): 31–68; Ronald H. Chilcote, «A Question of Dependency», Latin American Research Review 13, no. 2 (1978): 55—68; Ronald H. Chilcote, Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1984); Ronald H. Chilcote, «The Search for a Class Theory of the State and Democracy: Capitalist and Socialist Perspectives», in Comparative Political Dynamics: Global Research Perspectives, ed. Dankwart A. Rustow and Kenneth Paul Erickson (New York: Harper Collins, 1991), 75–97; Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), esp. 7–32, 110–30, 298–318; Joseph L. Love, «The Origins of Dependency Analysis», Journal of Latin American Studies 22 (February 1990): 143—68; Alvin Y. So, Social Change and Development: Modernization. Dependency, and World–System Theories (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1990), $1–165. Классический анализ зависимости не похож на новые исследования зависимости, в которых больше внимания уделяется взаимосвязям между иностранным контролем над экономикой и внутренними классовыми конфликтами.

177

См.: Keith Griffin and John Gurley, «Radical Analyses of Imperialism, the Third World, and the Transition to Socialism; A Survey Article», Journal of Economic Literature 23 (September 1985): 1089–1143; Samir Amin, «Accumulation on a World Scale: Thirty Years Later», Rethinking Marxism 1 (Summer 1988): 54—75; Steven Jackson, Bruce Russett, Duncan Snidal, and David Sylvan, «An Assessment of Empirical Research on Dependencia», Latin American Research Review 14, no. 3 (1979); 7—28; Binder, Islamic Liberalism, 44–62; Apter, Rethinking Development, 25—31.

178

Apter, Political Change, 201—5, 209; Tony Smith, «Requiem or New Agenda for Third World Studies?» World Politics 37 (July 1985): 532–61; Andre Gunder Frank, «Latin American Development Theories Revisited: A Participant Review», Latin American Perspectives 19 (Spring 1992): 125—39.

179

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 1993 (New York; Oxford University Press, 1993), 10–18, 100–112.

180

Рабочие определения прав человека и гражданских свобод см. в: Charles Humana, World Human Rights Guide, 3d ed. (New York; Oxford University Press, 1992),

esp. xvii—xix, 4–10; Raymond D. Gastil, Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1988–1989 (New York: Freedom House, 1989), 10–61; Freedom House Survey Team, R. Bruce McColm, Survey Coordinator, Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1988–1990 (New York: Freedom House, 1990), 312–13; Freedom House Survey Team, R. Bruce McColm, Survey Coordinator, Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties 1991–1992 (New York: Freedom House, 1992), 572–73.

181

Angus Maddison, Dynamic Forces in Capitalist Development: A Long–Run Comparative View (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 49; Angus Maddison, The World Economy in the 20th Century (Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1989); The World Bank, World Development Report 1992 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 218–19; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics Yearbook 1992, vol. 45 (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, 1992), 148–51; Nikolai Shmelev and Vladimir Popov, The Turning Point: Revitalizing the Soviet Economy, trans. Michele A. Berdy (New York: Doubleday, 1989); Gur Ofer, «Soviet Economic Growth: 1928–1985», Journal of Economic Literature 25 (December 1987): 1767—1833: Domenico Mario Nuti, «Perestroika: Transition from Central Planning to Market Socialism», Economic Policy 3 (October 1988): 365; Alvin Rabushka, The New China: Comparative Economic Development in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987), 206,217.

182

Frederic L. Pryor, A Guide to the Comparative Study of Economic Systems (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice–Hall, 1985), 40–45, 79–101; A. Steven Englander and Axel Mittelstadt, «Productivity and Economic Performance», OECD Observer, no. 151 (April–May 1988): 27–30.

183

Haruhiro Fukui, «The Japanese State and Economic Development: A Profile of a Nationalist Paternalist Capitalist State», in States and Development in the Asian Pacific Rim, ed. Richard P. Appelbaum and Jeffrey Henderson (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992), 207–20; Kozo Yamamura, «The Cost of Rapid Growth and Capitalist Democracy in Japan», in The Politics of Inflation and Economic Stagnation, ed. Leon Lindberg and Charles S. Maier (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1985), 467–508; Arthur Neef and Christopher Kask, «Manufacturing Productivity and Labor Costs in 14 Economies», Monthly Labor Review 114 (December 1991): 24–37; OECD Economic Outlook 41 (June 1987): 162–63; OECD Economic Outlook 52 (December 1992): 201, 205, 209–22; «OECD in Figures 1992 Edition», OECD Observer, no. 176 (June–July 1992): 8–9, 22–25, 52–55; IMF, International Financial Statistics Yearbook 1992, 148–49,156–57.

184

IMF, International Financial Statistics Yearbook 1992, 156–59; UNDP, Human Development Report 1993, 135–45, 168–71, 186–89; World Bank, World Development Report 1992, 218–21, 244–49; Gary Gereffi and Stephanie Fonda, «Regional Paths of Development», Annual Review of Sociology 1992, vol. 18, ed. Judith Blake and John Hagan (Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, 1992), 419–48; Robert Fiala, «The International System, Labor–Force Structure, and the Growth and Distribution of National Income, 1950–1980», Sociological Perspectives 35 (Summer 1992): 249–82; Nicos P. Mouzelis, «Sociology of Development: Reflections on the Present Crisis», Sociology 22 (February 1988): 23—44; Maddison, The World Economy in the 20th Century, 65—99; Angus Maddison, Two Crises: Latin America and Asia. 1929—38 and 1973—83 (Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1985), 45—98; Robert R. Kaufman, «The Politics of Economic Adjustment Policy in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico: Experiences in the 1980s and Challenges for the Future», Policy Sciences 22 (November 1989): 395–413; Manuel Pastor, Jr., «Capital Flight from Latin America», World Development % (January 1990): 1—18; Victor L. Urquidi, «Constraints to Growth in the Developing World: Current Experience in Latin America», International Social Science Journal 41 (May 1989): 203–10; Peter Evans, «Class, State, and Dependence in East Asia: Lessons for Latin Americanists», in The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism, ed. Frederic C. Deyo (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987), 203–26; Manfred Bienefeld, «The Significance of the Newly Industrialising Countries for the Development Debate», Studies in Political Economy, no. 25 (Spring 1988): 7–39; Amitava Krishna Dutt, «Interest Rate Policy in LDCs: A Post Keynesian View», Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 13 (Winter 1990–1991): 210–32; York W. Bradshaw and Ana–Maria Wahl, «Foreign Debt Expansion, the International Monetary Fund, and Regional Variation in Third World Poverty», International Studies Quarterly 35 (September 1991): 251–72; David Greenaway and Chong Hyun Nam, «Industrialisation and Macroeconomic Performance in Developing Countries under Alternative Trade Strategies», Kyklos 41, no. 3 (1988): 419–35; Yun–han Chu, «State Structure and Economic Adjustment of the East Asian Newly Industrializing Countries», International Organization 43 (Autumn 1989): 647–72; Manuel Castells, «Four Asian Tigers with a Dragon Head: A Comparative Analysis of the State, Economy, and Society in the Asian Pacific Rim», in States and Development in the Asian Pacific Rim, ed. Appelbaum and Henderson, 33—70; Alice H. Amsden, «The Paradigm of Late Industrialization», Political Economy 3, no. 2 (1987): 133–59; Alice H. Amsden, Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989); Alice H. Amsden, «Third World Industrialization: 'Global Fordism' or a New Model?» New Left Review, no. 182 (July–August 1990): 5—31; Alice H. Amsden, «Hyperbolizing Knowledge Is a Dangerous Thing: A Reply to David Landes», Contention l(Spring 1992): 109–31; John Lie, «The Political Economy of South Korean Development», International Sociology 7 (September 1992): 285–30; Yung Chul Park, «Development Lessons from Asia: The Role of Government in South Korea and Taiwan», American Economic Review 80 (May 1990): 1 18—21; Hyug Baeg Im, «The Rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in South Korea», World Politics 39 (January 1987): 231–57; Russell Mardon, «The State and the Effective Control of Foreign Capital: The Case of South Korea», World Politics 43 (October 1990): 111—38; Michelle Gittelman, «The South Korean Export Miracle: Comparative Advantage or Government Creation? Lessons for Latin America», Journal of International Affairs 42 (Fall 1988): 187—98; Eun Mee Kim, «Foreign Capital in Korea's Economic Development, 1960—1985», Studies in Comparative International Development 24 (Winter 1989/90): 24–45; Linda Y. C. Lim, «The State and Private Capital in Singapore's Economic Development», Political Economy 3, no. 2 (1987): 201—22; James Petras and Po–Keung Hui, «State and Development in Korea and Taiwan», Studies in Political Economy, no. 35 (Spring 1991): 179—98; Cal Clark, «The Taiwan Exception: Implications for Contending Political Economy Paradigms», International Studies Quarterly 31 (September 1987): 327–56; Richard E. Barrett and Martin King Whyte, «Dependency Theory and Taiwan: Analysis of a Deviant Case», American Journal of Sociology 87 (March 1982): 1064—89; Steve Chan, «Developing Strength from Weakness: The State in Taiwan», Journal of Developing Societies 4 (January–April 1988): 38—51; Richard Grabowski, «Taiwanese Economic Development: An Alternative Interpretation», Development and Change 19 (January 1988): 53—67.