Сравнительный анализ политических систем - Чарльз Эндрейн

5

James Petras, «Global Transformations and the Future of Socialism in Latin America», New Political Science, nos. 18–19 (Winter 1990): 181–93. See also Haldun Gulap, «The State and Democracy in Underdeveloped Capitalist Formations», Studies in Political Economy, no. 32 (Summer 1990): 145–66.

6

See Robert A. Dahl, «Governments and Political Oppositions», in Handbook of Political Science, vol. 3, ed. Fred 1. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby (Reading, MA: Addison–Wesley, 1975), 118–22; Robert A. Dahl, Democracy and Its Critics (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989).

7

Согласно Йозефу Шумпетеру (Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 3d ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1950), 269. «Демократический метод — это такой институциональный способ принимать политические решения, при котором право решать индивиды приобретают в результате конкурентной борьбы за голоса избирателей». Критику данной Шумпетером формулировки взаимодействия между капитализмом и демократией см.: David Beetham, «Four Theorems about the Market and Democracy», European Journal of Political Research 23 (February 1993): 187–201.

8

Charles E. Lindblom, Democracy and Market System (Oslo: Norwegian University Press, 1988), 116–18, Dahl, After the Revolution? 45–79, 131–32.

9

Elizabeth Anderson, «The Ethical Limitations of the Market», Economics and Philosophy 6 (October 1990): 179–205; John R. Bowman, «Competition and the Microfoundations of the Capitalist Economy: Towards the Redefinition of Homo Economicus», Politics and Society 18 (June 1990): 233–42.

10

Ralph Miliband, «Socialism in Question», Monthly Review 42 (March 1991): 16–24; Wlodzimierz Brus, «The Compatibility of Planning and Market Reconsidered», Studies in Comparative Communism 23 (Autumn/Winter 1990): 341—48.

11

См.: Branko Milanovic, «Privatisation in Post–Communist Societies», Communist Economies and Economic Transformation 3 (March 1991): 5–39; Michael Useem, «Business and Politics in the United States and United Kingdom», in Structures of Capital: The Social Organization of the Economy, ed. Sharon Zukin and Paul DiMaggio (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 263–91; Robert A. Dahl, A Preface to Economic Democracy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), 140–52; Dahl, After the Revolution ? 96–115.

12

См.: Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 100–135; Barry Hindess, «Imaginary Presuppositions of Democracy», Economy and Society 20 (May 1991): 173–95.

13

См.: Paul R. Gregory, «The Stalinist Command Economy», The Annals of the American Academy of Political Social Science 507 (January 1990): 18–25; Joyce Kolko, Restructuring the World Economy (New York: Pantheon, 1988), 278–96; Robert L. Heilbroner, The Nature and Logic of Capitalism (New York: Norton, 1985).

14

Первоначальная формулировка этих моделей политических систем принадлежит Дэвиду Э. Эптеру. См., в частности, две из его работ: David E. Apter, Choice and the Politics of Allocation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971), 30–35, 128–54; Introduction to Political Analysis (Cambridge, MA: Winthrop, 1977), 421–52. См. также предлагаемый мною вариант системной типологии: Charles F. Andrain, Political Change in the Third World (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1988), особенно стр. 1–75.

15

Hector E. Schamis, «Reconceptualizing Latin American Authoritarianism in the 1970s: From Bureaucratic–Authoritarianism to Neoconservatism», Comparative Politics 23 (January 1991): 201–20.

16

Randall Collins, Theoretical Sociology (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jova novich, 1988), 46–76.

17

Charles F. Andrain, Political Change in the Third World (Winchester, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1988), 1–51.

18

См.: Baron de Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, ed. and trans. Anne M. Cohler, Basia Carolyn Miller, and Harold Samuel Stone (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 21—128; см. также: David E. Apter, Choice and the Politics of Allocation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971), 31–33.

19

См. Frederich Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, 4th ed., (New York: International Publishers, 1942), esp. S–6, 34, 154–63; Eleanor Burke Leacock, «Primitive Communism», in A Dictionary of Marxist Thought, ed. Tom Bottomore (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), 394–95.

20

Объединение лиц, обладающих почетными званиями. — Прим. перев.

21

Robert Redfield, «The Folk Society», American Journal of Sociology 52 (January 1947): 293–308; Aidan Southall, «Stateless Society», International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 15(NewYork: Macmillan, 1968), 157–68; Gerhard Lenski and Jean Lenski, Human Societies: An Introduction to Macrosociology, 5th ed. (New York: McGraw–Hill, 1987), 97–129; Piotr Chmielewski, «The Public and the Private in Primitive Societies», International Political Science Review 12 (October 1991): 267—80.

22

См.: Richard B. Lee, «Politics, Sexual and Non–Sexual, in an Egalitarian Society», Social Science Information 17, no. 6 (1978): 871–95; Richard Borshay Lee, The .'Kung San Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1979), особ. 116–57, 333–461; Lorna Marshall, «The !Kung Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert», in: Peoples of Africa, ed. James L. Gibbs, Jr. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965), 243–78; Lorna Marshall, «!Kung Bushman Bands», in: Comparative Political Systems: Studies in the Politics of Preindustrial Societies, ed. Ronald Cohen and John Middleton (Garden City, NY: The Natural History Press, 1967), 15–43; Lorna Marshall, The /Kung of Nyae Nyae (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976); Colin M. Turnbull, Man in Africa (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1977), 159–66; Richard Katz, «Education as Transformation: Becoming a Healer among the IKungandthe Fijians», Harvard Educational Review 51 (February 1981): 57–78; Richard Katz, Boiling Energy: Community Healing among the Kalahari Kung (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982); Robert J. Gordon, The Bushman Myth: The Making of a Namibian Underclass (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992); Robert K.. Hitchcock and John D. Holm, «Bureaucratic Domination of Hunter–Gatherer Societies: A Study of the San in Botswana», Development and Change 24 (April 1993): 305–38.

23

Английское название племени Ibo в настоящее время преобразовано в Igbo. — Прим. перев.

24

Анализ политической системы ибо см. в: Daryll Forde and G. I. Jones, The Ibo and Ibibio–speaking Peoples of South–Eastern Nigeria (London: International' African Institute, 1950); M. M. Green, Ibo Village Affairs (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964); M. M. Green, Land Tenure in an Ibo Village in South–Eastern Nigeria (London: P. Lund, Humphries, and Company, 1941); H. Kami Offonry, «The Strength of Ibo Clan Feeling», West Africa 35 (May 26, 1951): 476, (June 2, 1951): 489–90; Mazi Njaka, Igbo Political Culture (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1974): Ikenna Nzimiro, Studies in Ibo Political Systems (London: Frank Cass, 1972); S. N. Nwabara, Iboland: A Century of Contact with Britain, 1860–1960 (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1978), 15–43; C. N. Ubah, «Changing Patterns of Leadership among the Igbo 1900–1960», Civilisations 37, no: 1 (1987): 127–57.

25

Simon Ottenberg, «Ibo Receptivity to Change», in Continuity and Change in African Cultures, ed. William R. Bascom and Melville J. Herskovits (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959), 130–43; James S. Coleman, Nigeria: Background to Nationalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1958), 23–31, 332–43; David E. Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), 116–21.

26

См.: Nnamdi Azikiwe, Economic Reconstruction of Nigeria (Lagos, Nigeria: African Book Company, 1943), 8,42, 50; Nnamdi Azikiwe, Renascent Africa (Accra, Ghana: The Author, 1937), 264, 270; Nnamdi Azikiwe, Zik:A Selection from the Speeches of Nnamdi Azikiwe (London: Cambridge University Press, 1961), 98; Richard L. Sklar, Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963), 230; Charles F. Andrain, «Democracy and Socialism: Ideologies of African Leaders», в: Ideology and Discontent, ed. David E. Apter (New York–The Free Press of Glencoe, 1964), 181–82.

27

Charles F. Andrain, Political Change in the Third World (Boston: Unwin Hyman 1988), 215–45.

28

Гиллермо О'Доннел (Guillermo A. O'Donnell) ввел термин «бюрократическое авторитарное» правление. См. след. работы этого автора: Modernization and Bureaucratic–Authoriarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1973); «Reflections on thePatterns of Change in the Bureaucratic–Authoritarian State», Latin American Research Review 13, no. 1 (1978): 3—38; «Tensions in the Bureaucratic–Authoritarian State and the Question of Democracy», in The New Authoritarianism in Latin America, ed. David Collier (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979), 285—318; Bureaucratic Authoriarianism: Argentina, 1966—1973, in Comparative Perspective, trans. James McGuire (Berkeley: Universiry of California Press, 1988). See too Fernando Henrique Cardoso, «On the Characterization of Authoritarian Regimes in Latin America», in The New Authoritarianism in Latin America, 33—57; Juan J. Linz, «Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes», in Handbook of Political Science, vol. 3, ed. Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby (Reading, MA: Addison–Wesley, 1975), 175–357, esp. 264–350.

29

Daniel Chirot, Social Change in the Modern Era (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986), 208–22, 247–61; Bruce Russett and Harvey Starr, World Politics: The Menu for Choice, 4th ed. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1992), 403–37; Ian Anthony, Agnes Courades Allebeck, Gerd Hagmeyer–Gaverus, Paolo Miggiano, and Herbert Wulf, «The Trade in Major Conventional Weapons», in Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, SIPRI Yearbook 1991: World Armaments and Disarmament (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 198–99; Abraham F. Lowenthal, «The United States and Latin American Democracy: Learning from History», in Exporting Democracy: The United States and Latin America, ed. Abraham F. Lowenthal (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991), 243—65; Mark J. Gasiorowski, «Economic Dependence and Political Democracy: A Cross–National Study», Comparative Political Studies 20 (January 1988):489–515.

30

David E. Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), 402–21; William L. Canak, «The Peripheral State Debate: State Capitalist and Bureaucratic–Authoritarian Regimes in Latin America», Latin American Research Review 19, no. 1 (1984): 3—36; Jeffrey C. Alexander, «Personal Politics», New Republic 196 (April 6, 1987): 12–13.

31

Мэйдзи — просвещенное правление. Здесь официальное название периода правления императора Муцухито. — Прим. перев.

32

См.: Reinhard Bendix, Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1962), 98–141; John K. Fairbank, The United States and China, 4th ed. enlarged (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), 1—139; John King Fairbank, China: A New History (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992), 46–161.

33

Benjamin A. Elman, «Political, Social, and Cultural Reproduction via Civil Service Examinations in Late Imperial China», Journal of Asian Studies 50 (February 1991): 7–28.

34

Benjamin I. Schwartz, The World of Thought in Ancient China (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1985).