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7. Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, vol. 1 (1974), pp. 149–150.

8. Ishaq, pp. 63, 73, 79.

9. Ibid., p. 84.

10. Ibid., p. 106.

11. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, p. 163.

12. Holy Quran, Surah 93; Ishaq, p. 112.

13. Ishaq, p. 119.

14. Ibid., p. 213.

15. Ibid., p. 221.

16. Ibid., p. 232.

Глава 38. Господство династии Тан

1. John Curtis Perry and Bardwell L. Smith, eds., Essays on T’ang Society (1976), pp. 20–21.

2. Barfield, pp. 142–144.

3. Roberts, p. 82.

4. Barfield, p. 144.

5. Roberts, p. 105.

6. Barfield, p. 145.

7. Hucker, p. 141; Rene Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes (1970), p. 102.

8. Roberts, p. 106; A. Tom Grunfeld, The Making of Modern Tibet, rev. ed. (1996), p. 35.

9. Grunfeld, pp. 35–37; Roberts, pp. 105–107.

10. Michael, p. in; Dora Shu-fang Dien, Empress Wu Zetian in Fiction and in History (2003), pp. 34–35.

11. Grousset, pp. 102–103.

12. С. P. Fitzgerald, The Empress Wu (1968), pp. 42–43.

13. Aston, Nihongi (1896), p. 191.

14. Aston, pp. 192–193.

15. Gary L. Ebersole, Ritual Poetry and the Politics of Death in Early Japan (1989), p. 231.

16. Carter J. Eckert et ah, Korea, Old and New (1990), pp. 42–43.

17. Ibid., p. 43.

Глава 39. Племя веры

1. Armstrong, Muhammad, p. 154.

2. Holy Qu’ran, Surah 2.13; Martin Lings, Muhammad (1983), pp. 126–127.

3. Ishaq, pp. 235–236.

4. Ibid., p. 280.

5. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 174–175.

6. Ishaq, pp. 286–289.

7. Lings, pp. 136–137; Holy Qu’ran, Surah 2.217.

8. Lings, pp. 140–141.

9. Ishaq, p. 464.

10. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 194–195.

11. Barnaby Rogerson, The Prophet Muhammad (2003), pp. 207ff.

12. Saunders, History of Medieval Islam, pp. 139–140.

13. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14: The Conquest of Iran, trans. G. Rex Smith (1994), p. 114.

14. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, pp. 55–56.

15. Saunders, History of Medieval Islam, p. 4L

16. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, p. 86.

17. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, pp. 262–263.

18. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14, p. 114.

19. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 235.

20. Vasiliev, p. 211.

21. Collins, p. 120.

22. Timothy Gregory, p. 171.

23. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 287.

24. Paul the Deacon, 4.42.

25. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14, p. 77.

Глава 40. Перекрестье

1. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14, p. 77.

2. Keay, p. 203.

3. al-Tabari, History, vol. 14, p. 77.

4. Ibid., p. 78.

5. Vincent Arthur Smith, The Early History of India (1904), p. 287.

6. Wolpert, p. 94; Gavin Flood, «The Saiva Traditions», in Gavin Flood, ed., The

Blackwell Companion to Hinduism (2003), pp. 200–203; Harsha, Nagananda, trans. Palmer Boyd (1999), pp. 47–49.

7. Smith, pp. 290, 294.

8. Schmidt, p. 29.

9. Sastri, History of South India, pp. 115–116. 10. Kulke, p. 105.

Глава 41. Проблемы империи

1. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 69.

2. Ibid., p. 70.

3. Collins, pp. 122–124.

4. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, pp. 26–27.

5. Collins, p. 124; Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 288.

6. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 43.

7. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, p. 22.

8. Abd al-Husain Zarrinkub, «The Arab Conquest of Iran and Its Aftermath», in

R. N. Frye, ed., The Cambridge History of Iran in Eight Volumes, vol. 4(1975), p. 23; al-Tabari, vol. 15, p. 69.

9. Zarrinkub, pp. 24–25; al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, pp. 78–79.

10. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, p. 63.

11. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 72; Collins, p. 121; Zarrinkub, p. 21.

12. al-Tabari, History, vol. 15, pp. 131, 138.

13. Ibid., pp. 141–142.

14. Ibid., pp. 188–189.

15. Ibid., p. 222.

16. Muhammad ibn al-Husayn Sharif al-Radi, Nahjul Balagha, trans. Mohammad Askari Jafery (1984), «Letter: To the Egyptians».

17. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 76.

18. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, pp. 214–215.

19. al-Radi, «A Reply to Mu’awiya’s Letter».

20. Ibid., «А Letter to Mu’awiya».

21. Ibid., «To His Soldiers Before the Battle of Siffin».

22. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, p. 216.

Глава 42. Закон и язык

1. Walter Pohl and Helmut Reimitz, Strategies of Distinction (1998), p. 58; Paul the Deacon, 4.42.

2. Pohl and Reimitz, p. 209.

3. Paul the Deacon, 5.6.

4. Ibid., 5.7.

5. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 302.

6. Ibid., p. 303.

7. Collins (1999), pp. 124–125; Dineschandra Sircar, Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India (1971), p. 290.

8. Ostrogorsky, p. 124.

9. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, pp. 331–333.

10. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), pp. 56–57.

11. Martin Sicker, The Islamic World in Ascendancy (2000), p. 23.

12. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 59.

13. Collins, p: 227.

14. Sicker, p. 24; Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 98; Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 64.

15. Collins, p. 228.

Глава 43. Сотворение прошлого

1. David John Lu, Japan (1997), p. 27.

2. Piggott, p. 106; Lu, p. 27.

3. Piggott, pp. 83, 118–121.

4. Aston, p. 301.

5. Meyer, p. 37.

6. Michael, pp. 43–44, 113.

7. Meyer, pp. 44–45.

8. Piggott, pp. 1, 3.

9. Aston, pp. 110–111.

Глава 44. Дни императрицы

1. Fitzgerald, Empress Wu, р. 88.

2. R. W. L. Guisso, Wu Tse-T’ien and the Politics of Legitimization in Tang China (1978), p. 51.

3. Ibid., p. 52; Roberts, pp. 88–89.

4. Fitzgerald, Empress Wu, p. 116.

5. Ibid., pp. 127–128.

6. Ibid., pp. 135–136; Guisso, pp. 137–138.

7. Barfield, pp. 146–147.

8. Roberts, pp. 105-06.

9. Grousset, pp. 110–111; Roberts, p. 106.

10. Roberts, p. 90; Fitzgerald, Empress Wu, p. 163.

11. Guisso, p. 154; Michael, p. in.

12. Michael, pp. 111–112; MacGowan, p. 309.

13. Michael, p. 112; Roberts, pp. 90–91.

Глава 45. Путь в Европу

1. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), pp. 70–71.

2. Gregory, p. in.

3. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), pp. 72–73.

4. Collins, pp. 129–130.

5. Heather, pp. 284–285.

6. Collins, pp. 110–112.

7. Ibid., pp. 115–116.

8. Ibn Abd al-Hakam, The History of the Conquest of Spain, trans. John Harris Jones (1858), p. 22.

9. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, pp. 372–373, 382–383.

10. Sicker, p. 25; Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, p. 401.

11. Theophanes, Chronicle, pp. 88–89.

12. Ibid., pp. 90–91.

13. Geary, p. 204.

14. Fredegar, p. 90.

15. Paul Fouracre, The Age of Charles Martel (2000), p. 88; Fredegar, p. 91.

1. Elliot and Dowson, The History of India, p. 405.

2. Ibid., pp. 119–120.

3. Ibid., pp. 170–172.

4. Sicker, p. 25; Keay, p. 185; Elliot and Dowson, p. 123.

5. Nau Nihal Singh, The Royal Gurjars (2003), p. 209.

6. Ibid., p. 210.

7. Ronald Inden, Imagining India (1992), p. 252.

8. Keay, pp. 200–201; Inden, pp. 257–258.

Глава 47. Очищение

1. Sicker, p. 26.

2. Barfield, pp. 148–149.

3. «Epitome of the Iconoclastic Council of Constantinople, 754», in Schaff and Wace, Select Library, vol. 14, p. 543.

4. Eamon Duffy, Saints & Sinners (1997), p. 80.

5. Ostrogorsky, pp. 161–163.

6. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), pp. 96–97.

7. Ibid., p. 97; St. John of Damascus, «First Apology», in On the Divine Images:

Three Apologies against Those Who Attack the Divine Images, trans. David Anderson (1980), p. 31.

8. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 98.

9. Duffy, p. 82.

10. Collins, p. 230.

11. Jan T. Hallenbeck, Pavia and Rome (1982), p. 24.

12. Ibid., p. 25.

13. Ostrogorsky, p. 164; Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 100.

Глава 48. Аббасиды

1. Simon Franklin and Jonathan Shepard, The Emergence of Rus, 750-1200 (1996), pp. 7-10.

2. Kevin Alan Brook, The Jews of Khazaria, 2d ed. (2006), p. 97; «The Letter of Joseph the King», in Jacob Rader Marcus, ed., The Jew in the Medieval World, rev. ed. (1999), pp. 227–228.

3. Kennedy (2004), Prophet and the Age, pp. 110–111.

4. al-Tabari, History, vol. 26, p. 72.

5. Kennedy, Prophet and the Age, p. 123.

6. Sicker, p. 27.

7. Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Makkari, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain, trans. Pascual de Gayangos (2002), pp. 95–96.

8. al-Tabari, History, vol. 27, pp. 172–174.

9. Arthur Wollaston, The Sword of Islam (1905), p. 130.

10. al-Tabari, History, vol. 28, p. 238; Sicker, p. 29.

11. M. A. Shaban, Islamic History (1976), p. 12.

12. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 286–287; al-Tabari, vol. 1, History, vol. 28, pp. 124ff; Shaban, p. 10.

13. Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. 1, p. 287.

Глава 49. Карл Великий

1. Oliver J. Thatcher and Edgar Holmes McNeal, eds., A Source Book for Medieval History (1905), p. 102.

2. Fredegar (1960), 4.22.

3. Fredegar, 4.30; Joanna Story, ed., Charlemagne (2005), pp. 16–17; Einhard, «The Life of Charlemagne» 1.2, in Lewis Thorpe, trans., Two Lives of Charlemagne (1969).

4. Paul Edward Dutron, ed., Carolingian Civilization (1993), p. n.

5. Slightly condensed from the Clausula de unctione Pippini, in Dutton, p. 12.

6. Fredegar, 4.38–39.

7. «The Donation of Constantine», in Dutton, pp. 14–19.

8. Einhard, «Life of Charlemagne» 3.18, in Thorpe.

9. J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Barbarian West (1962), p. 97.

10. Wallace-Hadrill, Barbarian West (1962), p. 97.

11. Einhard, «Life of Charlemagne» 2.6, in Thorpe.

12. Einhard, «Life of Charlemagne» 2.9-10, in Thorpe.

13. Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff, trans., The Song of Roland (1920), p. 80.

Глава 50. Мятеж Ань Лу-шаня

1. Li Po, «A Farewell to Li Yun in the Xie Tiao Pavilion», in Xianyi Yang and Gladys Yang, trans., Poetry and Prose of the Tang and Song (1984), p. 31; Michael, p. 116.

2. Wang Wei, «Seeing Yuan the Second off on a Mission to Anxi», in Yang and

Yang, p. 16; Roberts, p. 122.

3. Roberts, p. 92.

4. Li Po, «Fighting South of the City», in Yang and Yang, pp. 22–23.

5. Hans J. Van de Ven, Warfare in Chinese History (2000), pp. 132–133; Roberts, p. 103.

6. Roberts, p. 93.

7. Ibid.; Van de Ven, pp. 137–138.

8. Michael, p. 144; Bai Juyi, «Song of Eternal Sorrow», in Yang and Yang, pp. 111–115.

9. Charles D. Benn, China’s Golden Age (2004), p. 10.

10. Van de Ven, p. 139.

11. Michael, p. 114; Roberts, p. 107.

12. Roberts, p. 108.

13. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 72; Roberts, pp. 110–111.

14. Michael, p. 114; Van de Ven, p. 144.

Глава 51. Imperator et Augustus

1. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 135.

2. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, vol. 2, pp. 478–479.

3. Sicker, p. 30.

4. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), p. 141.

5. Derek Wilson, Charlemagne (2006), pp. 84–85.

6. J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Frankish Church (1983), pp. 413–414.

7. «Alcuin to Charlemagne», in Henry Morley and William Hall Griffin, English Writers, vol. 2 (1888), p. 165.

8. Theophanes, Chronicle (1982), pp. 146–147.

9. Ibid., p. 151.

10. Ibid., p. 153.

11. Ibid., p. 155.

12. Wallace-Hadrill, Frankish Church, pp. 220–223.

13. Wilson, p. 76.

14. Quoted in Wallace-Hadrill, Frankish Church, p. 186.

15. Quoted in Wilson, p. 77.

16. Notker the Stammerer, Charlemagne 27, in Thorpe, p. 125.

17. Wilson, p. 81; Wallace-Hadrill, Barbarian West, p. 109.

18. Quoted in Wilson, p. 81.

19. Theophanes the Confessor, The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor, trans. Cyril Mango and Roger Scott (1997), p. 657.

Глава 52. Новый Синаххериб

1. al-Tabari, History, vol. 30, p. 100.

2. Sicker, p. 30.

3. Richard Hodges and David Whitehouse, Mohammed, Charlemagne & the Origins of Europe (1983), pp. 141, 158; Einhard, «Life of Charlemagne» 1.16, in Thorpe.

4. Collins, pp. 191–192.

5. Franklin and Shepard, p. 12.

6. Hugh Kennedy, When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World (2005), p. 51.

7. Karsh, Islamic Imperialism (2006), p. 72.

8. Florin Curta, Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages (2006), p. 147.

9. Curta, p. 149; Theophanes, Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (1997), pp. 483–485.

10. Theophanes, Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (1997), pp. 665–666.

11. Curta, pp. 149–150.

12. Theophanes, Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (1997), p. 673.

13. Curta, p. 150.

14. Theophanes, Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (1997), p. 679.

15. Wallace-Hadrill, Barbarian West, p. 112.

16. Theophanes, Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (1997), p 685.

17. Ibid., p. 503.

18. Curta, p. 148.

19. Theophanes, Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (1997), p. 686.

20. Dimitri Obolensky, Byzantium and the Slavs (1994), p. 40.

Глава 53. Правители замков и регенты

1. Jae-un Kang, The Land of Scholars, trans. Suzanne Lee (2006), p. 64.

2. Lee and de Вагу, pp. 48–49.

3. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 84.

4. Lee, et al., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, p. 122.

5. Kang, p. 232.

6. Lee, et al., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, p. 133.

7. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 92.

8. Ibid., p. 93.

9. Lee, et al., Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, p. 220.

10. Lee, New History of Korea, p. 95.

11. Ibid., p. 96.

12. James Huntley Grayson, Korea (2002), pp. 57–58.

13. Reischauer, p. 216.

14. Meyer, p. 51.

15. Reischauer, p. 222; Meyer, p. 51.

16. Reischauer, pp. 232–233; Meyer, p. 54.

17. Meyer, p. 54; Karl F. Friday, Hired Swords (1992), pp. 74–75.

18. Piggott, p. 282; Reischauer, p. 249.

19. Peter Martin, The Chrysanthemum Throne (1997), p. 56.

20. Takie Sugiyama Lebra, Above the Clouds (1993), p. 35; Michele Marra, The Aesthetics of Discontent (1991), pp. 38–39.

Глава 54. Торжество аутсайдеров

1. Gernet, p. 266; Denis Twitchett et al., The Cambridge History of China, vol. 6 (1994), p. 7.

2. Roberts, p. 95; Van de Ven, p. 165.

3. MacGowan, pp. 329–331.

4. Chye Kiang Heng, Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats (1999), pp. 20, 78–81.

5. Roberts, p. 107.

6. de Вагу et ab, p. 374.

7. Gernet, p. 267.

8. Roberts, p. 96.