Английский для экономистов (учебник английского языка) - Денис Шевчук

Monitor, interrelate, integral, report, exaggerate, law, impact, flow of cash, resources, customers, stock, range, information, activity, prerequisite, process, subject, nervous.

Communication in organization

Effective communication is a … for the achievement of organizational objectives. The importance of communication problems has at times been … – there are, after all, other types of problems – but the … of poor communication can be enormous.

The … of communication is illusive because it is intertwined with so many other subjects. Effective communication is, for example, an … part of effective leadership, decision making, motivation, the management organizational conflict, etc.

Communication in organization is here defined as the process by which … is transmitted from one person to another.

Money is the lifeblood of an organization: if organizations do not receive a … ... they go out of business. Information plays a similar role. The flow of facts, figures and words through an organization’s administration is its … system.

The nature and flow of information determines how «sensitive» an organization to its …, employees, changes in the market, and so on. The purpose in … information is to plan, record, control and report the activities of the organization.

Planning. Managers need information to be able to plan how an organization’s … are to be used. This can be a complex process since each department’s plan must … with the other departments.

Recording. Firms are obliged to keep financial information under the … .

Controlling. There are many activities in business where immediate or «real time» information is necessary so that the … can be controlled directly. These activities include … control, quality control, and budgetary control.

Reporting. Many different kinds of … exist in business. They … from weekly sales reports to financial reports at an Annual General Meeting. Every function within an organization is constantly … and reported on.

Read the text once again and summarize it in 5-7 sentences.

Ex. 13. Open the brackets.

Economic Individualism – Laissez-Faire

In the late seventeenth century, Louis XIV (to reign) as King of France. His finance minister, Jean Baptiste Colbert, (to ask) a manufacturer by the name of Legendre how the government might (to help) business. Legendre’s reply (to be) “laissez nous faire” (leave us alone). The expression (to become) a watchword and motto of market economy.

Today we (to interpret) laissez-faire (to mean) that absence of government intervention (to lead) to economic individualism and economic freedom. Under laissez-faire conditions, people’s economic activities (to be) their own private affairs. As consumers, they (to be) free (to spend) their incomes as they (to choose). As producers, they (to be) free (to purchase) the economic resources they (to desire) and (to use) these resources as they (to wish).

In reality, economic freedom (to be subject) almost always to restraints imposed by society for the protection and general welfare of its citizens. Prohibitions against force and fraud (to be) examples. Can you (to give) some others? Can you (to explain) why such restraints (to be) necessary?

Read the text once again and answer the questions at the end of the text.

Ex. 14. Insert the missing words given below. Don’t forget about Grammar.

organization, to adopt, carefully, change, input, condition, service, decision making, harmony, turbulent, adapt, output.

In order to be successful the organization must … with the environment because it supplies the organization with … (in the form of resources, information, and so forth) that are necessary for the determination of the kinds of the products and … to be produced. It also receives the … (product and services) produced by the organization. To maintain this … with the environment, the organization must … define and maintain a boundary system capable of gathering the necessary inputs for effective … ... and … and for distributing organizational outputs.

Today’s organization exists in a … environment characterized by what has been termed as discontinuous … .If it is to survive and prosper, the organization must be capable of adjusting all of its component parts to … for this change. Additionally, it must … a philosophy and strategy to support the process of adaptation and change.

Ex. 15. Make up the sentences. Put them down into notebooks. The beginning of each sentence is given to you.

When negotiations fail, impartial, third, are, often, however, parties, brought, to help, the dispute, settle, in. This may be, arbitration, or, mediation, the form, conciliation, in, of. Conciliation, try, their, means, a third, disagreement, together, will, party, that, to bring, to work out, on their own, management, and, labour. Mediation, it, setting, for, suggestions, make, and, the dispute, of, who, listen to, will, both, sides, by, party, requires, the third, involvement, greater. The suggestions, will, management, or, on, either, labour, binding, not, however, be. Under arbitration, binding, and, a third, hand down, that, is, party, final, listen to, will, both, (an arbitrator), a decision, sides, and.

Ex. 16. Give theEnglish equivalents to the following.

Неспособны выполнить задания, которые требуют не только индивидуальных усилий; групповая деятельность может быть направлена на более высокие, более сложные цели; все эти элементы, взятые вместе, рассматриваются как организация; организации были созданы для того, чтобы помочь индивиду достичь больше; цели должны отвечать потребностям, которые общество определило как важные; организации могут быть сгруппированы по типу деловой активности; партнерство создается по соглашению; владельцы корпораций называются акционерами; эффективная коммуникация – предпосылка успеха в бизнесе; информация помогает быть чувствительными к покупателям, служащим, изменениям на рынке; каждая организация стремится иметь собственный, особенный климат; культурные ценности – это мощный стратегический инструмент; среднестатистический работник имеет высокий потенциал развития; прежде всего работник ищет безопасности и избегает ответственности.

Ex 17. Render the following text into English.

СЕМЬ ЗАПОВЕДЕЙ БИЗНЕСМЕНА

Давать обещания и не выполнять их стало у нас просто нормой жизни. В этой связи полезно вспомнить 1912 год, когда российскими предпринимателями было выработано семь основных принципов ведения дел:

Первый принцип – «Уважай власть». Власть – необходимое условие для эффективного ведения дел. Во всем должен быть порядок. В связи с этим проявляй уважение к блюстителям порядка в узаконенных эшелонах власти.

Второй принцип – «Будь честен и правдив». Это – фундамент предпринимательства, предпосылка здоровой прибыли и нормальных отношений в делах. Российский предприниматель должен быть безупречным носителем добродетелей, честности и правдивости.

Третий принцип – «Уважай право частной собственности». Свободное предпринимательство – основа благополучия государства. Российский предприниматель обязан в поте лица своего трудиться на благо свой Отчизны. Такое рвение можно проявить только при опоре на частную собственность.

Четвертый принцип – «Люби и уважай человека». Любовь и уважение к человеку труда со стороны предпринимателя порождает ответную любовь и уважение. В таких условиях возникает гармония интересов, что создает атмосферу для развития у людей самых разнообразных способностей, побуждает их проявлять себя во всем блеске.

Пятый принцип – «Будь верен своему слову». Успех в деле во многом зависит от того, в какой степени окружающие доверяют тебе.

Шестой принцип – «Живи по средствам». Не зарывайся. Выбирай дело по плечу. Всегда оценивай свои возможности. Действуй сообразно своим средствам.

Седьмой принцип – « Будь целеустремленным». Всегда имей перед собой ясную цель. Предпринимателю такая цель нужна как воздух. Не отвлекайся на другие цели. Служение двум господам противоестественно. В стремлении заветной достичь цели не переходи грани дозволенного. Никакая цель не может затмить моральные ценности.

 Ex.18. Translate the text in written form.

Business is the exchange of goods and services, and money, on an arm’s length (objective) basis, that results in mutual benefit or profit for both parties involved. An individual engages in business because he or she believes that the rewards, or possible future benefits, of business are greater than risks, or possible future sacrifices, of business.

Business activities are events that involve making and carrying out the operating, investing, and financing decisions that deal with business assets or obligations.

In a profit-seeking business, there are three types of business activities that correspond to the three types of business decisions. Operating activities are the profit-making activities of the enterprise. They include those business activities that generate revenues, such as selling merchandise for cash or on credit or providing services for a fee. They also include activities that result in increased expenses, such as purchasing goods for manufacture or resale, paying wages, or combining goods and labour to manufacture products.

Investing activities include the purchase and a sale of long-term assets in addition to other major items used in a business’ operations.

Financing activities are activities that involve obtaining the cash or using other non-cash means to pay for investments in long-term assets, and to repay money borrowed from creditors, and to provide a return to owners.

SPEAK AND WRITE

1. Why are there so many organizations in today’s society?

2. Why is it important for managers to be knowledgeable about the macro environment?

3. How will tomorrow’s organizations be different from those today?

4. Do all organizations need structure? Give your reasons.

5. Define the terms authority and tell how it is related to formal and informal organizations.

6. Explain how responsibility, authority, and accountability should be related to each other in the ideal organization.

7. Take an organization with which you are familiar and see if you can explain the way it works (principles, goals, structure, objectives, climate, and so forth).

8. List each organization you belong to. Do they have any impact on your life? List and discuss each impact.

9. One successful sales company had a unique organization layout. At the top of the chart was the most important person in the whole operation – the customer. This labeled «customer» was linked with lines to boxes of functions dealing directly with the customer – sales person, technical service, order clerk, credit clerk, etc. Try to draw your own organization chart, starting with the customer.

10. Enumerate all the factors you would consider in creating a culture of your own business.

11. Because of its broad global environment, a number of disciplines (geography, history, law, economics, political science, anthropology) are useful to help explain the conduct of international business. Prove it with your own examples.

12. Do you agree with the adage: “You can’t get rich working for someone else”?

13. What should be regulated by government and what should be left to the private sector (education, health care, housing, social security, defense, public transport, sale of alcohol, tobacco, press, broadcasting, entertainment)? Why? Give your reasons.

14. Summarize the information of the Unit to be ready to speak on the topic “Organization”. The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.

15. Choose any question (problem, topic) relating to Organization and make a 7-10 minute report in class. Refer to different additional sources to make your report instructive, interesting and informative.

UNIT 3

MANAGEMENT

If the leader is good, the followers will be good.

Your vocabulary

Management

– the control and organizing of a business or other organization;

– those stuff within the firm who exert control over its activities on behalf of owners.

Top management

includes the chief executive of an organization, his or her deputy or deputies, the board of directors and the managers in charge of the divisions or departments of the organization.

Middle management

consists of the managers to whom top management delegates the day-to-day running of the organization.