Autobiography of Anthony Trollope - Anthony Trollope

right in my prophecies, and right, I think, on the grounds on which

they were made. The Southern cause was bad. The South had provoked

the quarrel because its political supremacy was checked by the election

of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency. It had to fight as a little man

against a big man, and fought gallantly. That gallantry,--and a

feeling based on a misconception as to American character that the

Southerners are better gentlemen than their Northern brethren,--did

create great sympathy here; but I believe that the country was too

just to be led into political action by a spirit of romance, and

I was warranted in that belief. There was a moment in which the

Northern cause was in danger, and the danger lay certainly in the

prospect of British interference. Messrs. Slidell and Mason,--two

men insignificant in themselves,--had been sent to Europe by the

Southern party, and had managed to get on board the British mail

steamer called "The Trent," at the Havannah. A most undue importance

was attached to this mission by Mr. Lincoln's government, and

efforts were made to stop them. A certain Commodore Wilkes, doing

duty as policeman on the seas, did stop the "Trent," and took the

men out. They were carried, one to Boston and one to New York,

and were incarcerated, amidst the triumph of the nation. Commodore

Wilkes, who had done nothing in which a brave man could take glory,

was made a hero and received a prize sword. England of course

demanded her passengers back, and the States for a while refused

to surrender them. But Mr. Seward was at that time the Secretary

of State, and Mr. Seward, with many political faults, was a wise

man. I was at Washington at the time, and it was known there that

the contest among the leading Northerners was very sharp on the

matter. Mr. Sumner and Mr. Seward were, under Mr. Lincoln, the two

chiefs of the party. It was understood that Mr. Sumner was opposed

to the rendition of the men, and Mr. Seward in favour of it. Mr.

Seward's counsels at last prevailed with the President, and England's

declaration of war was prevented. I dined with Mr. Seward on the

day of the decision, meeting Mr. Sumner at his house, and was told

as I left the dining-room what the decision had been. During the

afternoon I and others had received intimation through the embassy

that we might probably have to leave Washington at an hour's

notice. This, I think, was the severest danger that the Northern

cause encountered during the war.

But my book, though it was right in its views on this subject,--and

wrong in none other as far as I know,--was not a good book. I can

recommend no one to read it now in order that he may be either

instructed or amused,--as I can do that on the West Indies. It

served its purpose at the time, and was well received by the public

and by the critics.

Before starting to America I had completed Orley Farm, a novel which

appeared in shilling numbers,--after the manner in which Pickwick,

Nicholas Nickleby, and many others had been published. Most of

those among my friends who talk to me now about my novels, and are

competent to form an opinion on the subject, say that this is the

best I have written. In this opinion I do not coincide. I think

that the highest merit which a novel can have consists in perfect

delineation of character, rather than in plot, or humour, or pathos,

and I shall before long mention a subsequent work in which I think

the main character of the story is so well developed as to justify

me in asserting its claim above the others. The plot of Orley Farm

is probably the best I have ever made; but it has the fault of

declaring itself, and thus coming to an end too early in the book.

When Lady Mason tells her ancient lover that she did forge the

will, the plot of Orley Farm has unravelled itself;--and this she

does in the middle of the tale. Independently, however, of this the

novel is good. Sir Peregrine Orme, his grandson, Madeline Stavely,

Mr. Furnival, Mr. Chaffanbrass, and the commercial gentlemen,

are all good. The hunting is good. The lawyer's talk is good. Mr.

Moulder carves his turkey admirably, and Mr. Kantwise sells his

tables and chairs with spirit. I do not know that there is a dull

page in the book. I am fond of Orley Farm;--and am especially fond

of its illustrations by Millais, which are the best I have seen in

any novel in any language.

I now felt that I had gained my object. In 1862 I had achieved that

which I contemplated when I went to London in 1834, and towards which

I made my first attempt when I began the Macdermots in 1843. I had

created for myself a position among literary men, and had secured

to myself an income on which I might live in ease and comfort,--which

ease and comfort have been made to include many luxuries. From this

time for a period of twelve years my income averaged (pounds)4500 a year.

Of this I spent about two-thirds, and put by one. I ought perhaps

to have done better,--to have spent one-third, and put by two; but

I have ever been too well inclined to spend freely that which has

come easily.

This, however, has been so exactly the life which my thoughts and

aspirations had marked out,--thoughts and aspirations which used

to cause me to blush with shame because I was so slow in forcing

myself to the work which they demanded,--that I have felt some pride

in having attained it. I have before said how entirely I fail to

reach the altitude of those who think that a man devoted to letters

should be indifferent to the pecuniary results for which work is

generally done. An easy income has always been regarded by me as

a great blessing. Not to have to think of sixpences, or very much

of shillings; not to be unhappy because the coals have been burned

too quickly, and the house linen wants renewing; not to be debarred

by the rigour of necessity from opening one's hands, perhaps

foolishly, to one's friends;--all this to me has been essential to

the comfort of life. I have enjoyed the comfort for I may almost

say the last twenty years, though no man in his youth had less

prospect of doing so, or would have been less likely at twenty-five

to have had such luxuries foretold to him by his friends.

But though the money has been sweet, the respect, the friendships, and

the mode of life which has been achieved, have been much sweeter.

In my boyhood, when I would be crawling up to school with dirty

boots and trousers through the muddy lanes, I was always telling

myself that the misery of the hour was not the worst of it, but

that the mud and solitude and poverty of the time would insure me

mud and solitude and poverty through my life. Those lads about me

would go into Parliament, or become rectors and deans, or squires

of parishes, or advocates thundering at the Bar. They would not

live with me now,--but neither should I be able to live with them

in after years. Nevertheless I have lived with them. When, at the

age in which others go to the universities, I became a clerk in

the Post Office, I felt that my old visions were being realised. I

did not think it a high calling. I did not know then how very much

good work may be done by a member of the Civil Service who will show

himself capable of doing it. The Post Office at last grew upon me

and forced itself into my affections. I became intensely anxious

that people should have their letters delivered to them punctually.

But my hope to rise had always been built on the writing of novels,

and at last by the writing of novels I had risen.

I do not think that I ever toadied any one, or that I have acquired

the character of a tuft-hunter. But here I do not scruple to say

that I prefer the society of distinguished people, and that even the

distinction of wealth confers many advantages. The best education

is to be had at a price as well as the best broadcloth. The son

of a peer is more likely to rub his shoulders against well-informed

men than the son of a tradesman. The graces come easier to the

wife of him who has had great-grandfathers than they do to her

whose husband has been less,--or more fortunate, as he may think

it. The discerning man will recognise the information and the graces

when they are achieved without such assistance, and will honour

the owners of them the more because of the difficulties they have

overcome;--but the fact remains that the society of the well-born

and of the wealthy will as a rule be worth seeking. I say this

now, because these are the rules by which I have lived, and these

are the causes which have instigated me to work.

I have heard the question argued--On what terms should a man of

inferior rank live with those who are manifestly superior to him?

If a marquis or an earl honour me, who have no rank, with his

intimacy, am I in my intercourse with him to remember our close

acquaintance or his high rank? I have always said that where the

difference in position is quite marked, the overtures to intimacy

should always come from the higher rank; but if the intimacy be

ever fixed, then that rank should be held of no account. It seems

to me that intimate friendship admits of no standing but that

of equality. I cannot be the Sovereign's friend, nor probably the

friend of many very much beneath the Sovereign, because such equality

is impossible.

When I first came to Waltham Cross in the winter of 1859-1860, I had

almost made up my mind that my hunting was over. I could not then

count upon an income which would enable me to carry on an amusement

which I should doubtless find much more expensive in England than

in Ireland. I brought with me out of Ireland one mare, but she was

too light for me to ride in the hunting-field. As, however, the

money came in, I very quickly fell back into my old habits. First

one horse was bought, then another, and then a third, till it became

established as a fixed rule that I should not have less than four

hunters in the stable. Sometimes when my boys have been at home

I have had as many as six. Essex was the chief scene of my sport,

and gradually I became known there almost as well as though I had

been an Essex squire, to the manner born. Few have investigated more

closely than I have done the depth, and breadth, and water-holding

capacities of an Essex ditch. It will, I think, be accorded to me

by Essex men generally that I have ridden hard. The cause of my

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