Закат Америки. Уже скоро - Чарльз А. Капхен

450

U.S. Department of Commerce, «The Emerging Internet Economy II», June 1999, p. 25–35. Available at: http://www/ http://www.esa.doc.gov/esa/pdf/ED2report.pdf Department of Commerce, «The Emerging Digital Economy», p. 17, 28, 3–4. Available at: http://www.esa.doc.gov/508/esa/pdf/EmergingDig.pdf

451

The UCLA Internet Report, «Surveying the Digital Future», October 2000. Available at: http://www.ccp.ucla.edu

452

Cited in Sandel, «Democracy's Discontent», p. 27.

453

Robert D. Putnam, «Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community» (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 46, 43.

454

Ibid., p. 238.

455

Эксперты указывают, что добровольные пожертвования и благотворительные взносы еще существуют и что политическая активность в Интернете подменила собой традиционные формы участия в политической жизни. См. William A. Galston and Peter Levine, «America's Civic Condition: A Glance at the Evidence», in «Community Works: The Revival of Civil Society in America», ed. E. J. Dionne, Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1998), p. 30–36; and D. W. Miller, «Perhaps We Bowl Alone, but Does It Really Matter?» Chronicle of Higher Education, July 16, 1999, p. A16—17.

456

Norman Nie and Lutz Erbring, «Internet and Society, A Preliminary Report», February, 17, 2000. Available at: http://www.Stanford.edu/group/siqss/Press/Release/PreliminaryReport.pdf

457

См. Cass Sunstein, republic com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).

458

Joel Kotkin, «The New Geography: How the Digital Landscape Is Reshaping the American Landscape» (New York: Random House, 2000), p. 169.

459

Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 342–343.

460

David Brooks, «Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There» (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 271.

461

Thomas Friedman, «Cyber-Serfdom», New York Times, January 30, 2001.

462

Данные из книги David Leonhardt and Barbara Whitaker, «Higher Fuel Prices Do Little to Alter Motorists' Habits», New York Times, October 10, 2000. См. также Dianne Feinstein and Olympia Snowe, «The Low Cost of Lowering Auto Emissions», New York Times, August 1, 2001.

463

Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 357, and chap. 14. См. также Ted Halstead, «A Politics for Generation X», Atlantic Monthly, vol. 284, no. 2 (August 1999), p. 33–42.

464

Harris Poll data as analyzed in Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 47.

465

Brooks, «Bobos in Paradise», p. 271.

466

Отчеты Федеральной избирательной комиссии с результатами подсчета голосов в пользу Буша и Гора доступны по адресам: http://herndonl.sdrdc.com/cgi-bin/cancomsrs/?00+P00003335 и http://herndonlsdrdc.com/cgi-bin/cancomsrs/?00+P80000912 Статистика расходов на телерекламу, представленная Бреннановским центром за справедливость, приводится в работе «Political Television Advertising for 200 °Campaign (June 1– November 7)». Available at: http://www.brennancenter.org/cmagpdf/cmag/2000wrapup.pdg.pdf Суммарные расходы на выборы 2000 года подсчитаны в издании Центра эффективной политики «Campaign Finance Reform». Available at: http://www.opensecrets.org/news/campaignfinance/index.asp О расходах Блумберга см.: Michael Cooper, «At $92.60 a Vote, Bloomberg Shatters an Election Record», New York Times, December 4, 2001.

467

Don Van Natta, Jr., «Enron or Andersen Made Donations to Almost All Their Congressional Investigators», New York Times, January 25,2002.

468

Cited in Sandel, «Democracy's Discontent», p. 131.

469

Fox News, Fox Special Report with Brit Hume, «Interview with Dale Bumpers», July 20, 2001.

470

Albert R. Hunt, «Don't Stop at McCain-Feingold», Wall Street Journal, February 21, 2002.

471

См. John B. Judis, «The Paradox of American Democracy: Elites, Special Interests, and the Betrayal of the Public Trust» (New York: Pantheon, 2000), chap. 5.

472

Cited in Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 159.

473

См., for example, Paul Krugman, «Fuzzy Math The Essential Guide to the Bush Tax Cut» (New York: Norton, 2001).

474

О роли гражданской активности в создании здорового общества см.: Putnam, «Bowling Alone», chaps. 16–22.

475

Durkheim, «The Division of Labor in Society», p. 201.

476

Kotkin, «The New Geography», p. 3.

477

См. D'Vera Cohn and Sarah Cohen, «Census Sees Vast Change in Language, Employment», Washington Post, August 6,2001.

478

Putnam, «Bowling Alone», p. 81.

479

Kotkin, «The New Geography», p. 7.

480

Ibid., p. 45, 64,70.

481

Evelyn Nieves, «Blacks, Hit by Housing Costs, Leave San Francisco Behind», New York Times, August 2, 2001.

482

Nurith С Aizenmen, «In Bowie, Race Is on the Agenda», Washington Post, April 9, 2001.

483

Anthony Walton, «Technology Versus African-Americans», Atlantic Monthly, vol. 283, no. 1 (January 1999),p. 18.

484

Robert D. Kaplan, «An Empire Wilderness: Travels into America's Future» (New York: Random House, 1998), p. 63.

485

Eric Schmitt, «Census Data Show a Sharp Increase in Living Standard», New York Times, August 6, 2001. См. так же Cohn and Cohen, «Census Sees Vast Change in Language, Employment». Janny Scott, «Rethinking Segregation Beyond Black and White», New York Times, July 29,2001. Противоположный взгляд см. у Gregory Rodriquez, «Still, E Pluribus Unum», San Diego Union-Tribune, July 18,1999.

486

Harvard Graduate School of Education, «School Segregation on the Rise Despite Growing Diversity Among School-Aged Children», July 19,2001. Available at: http://www/http://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/features/orfield07172001.html

487

См. Putnam, «Bowling Alone», map on p. 293.

488

Zell Miller, «The Democratic Party's Southern Problem», New York Times, June 4, 2001.

489

Kevin Sullivan, «U.S., Mexico Set Plan for a «Smart Border," Washington Post, March 23, 2002.

490

Reed Karaim, «On Both Sides Now, the Costly Consequences of Vigilance», Washington Post, March 10, 2002.

491

Ibid.

492

Stephen Flynn, «Rethinking the U.S. — Canadian Border», Buffalo News, July 1, 2001.

493

Richard Holbrooke, interview on Fox News, Special Report with Brit Hume, October 19, 2001.

494

Kaplan, «An Empire Wilderness», p. 322–328. См. также Joel Garreau, «The Nine Nations of North America» (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).

495

Kenichi Ohmae, «The Rise of the Region State», Foreign Affairs, vol. 72, no. 2 (Spring 1993), p. 78.

496

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., «The Disuniting of Americ» (New York: Norton, 1992), p. 118.

497

Cited in Richard Morin and Claudia Deane, «Poll: Americans' Trust in Government Grows», Washington Post, September 28, 2001.

498

См. John A. Hall and Charles Lindholm, «Is America Breaking Apart?» (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999).

499

См. Sunstein, republic com, p. 170–172; and David Bollier, «Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Wealth (New York: Routledge, 2002).

500

James H. Snider, «E-Democracy as Deterrence: Public Policy Implications of a Deterrence Model of Democratic Accountability», paper presented at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Available from: [email protected]

501

О способности цифровых технологий содействовать укреплению демократии см. Benjamin R. Barber, «Three Scenarios for the Future of Technology and Strong Democracy», Political Science Quarterly, vol. 113, no. 4 (Winter 1998–1999), p. 573–589. См. также Benjamin R. Barber, «Civil Society: Getting Beyond the Rhetoric — A Framework for Political Understanding», in «Civic Engagement in the Atlantic Community», ed. Josef Janning, Charles Kupchan, and DirkRumberg (Gutersloh: Bertelsmann Foundation, 1999).